Charles j



C. 1. JOLIDON.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,1914.

Patented July 15, 1919.

IN VENIOR.

WITNESSES:

CHARLES J. JOLIDON, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

FIREARM.

Application filed July 9, 1914. Serial No. 849,965.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. JOLIDON,

a citizen of the United States, residing in Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the fol-. lowing is a specification.

My invention relates more especially to that class of firearms in which the loading, ejection of shells, &c., is performed auto- -matically, as by making use of the force of the exploding gases, and an object of my invention, among others, is to provide a firearm of this class having means for insuring that the projectile shall have passed out of the muzzle before any opening movement-of the breech shall occur, and to otherwise improve the action of the breech opening mechanism.

One form of device embodying my invention, and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1 is a side view of a pistol embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view looking toward the muzzle, the lower part of the handle being broken away.

Fig. 3 is a detail bottom view of the barrel and sliding case and breech bolt.

Fig. i is a detail view of the upper back part of the pistol, with parts broken away to show construction.

Fig. 5 is a view in section through the same on plane denoted by dotted line- 55 of Fig. 4:.

My invention relates particularly to the means for releasing the breech opening mechanism to permit backward movement of the case, and also to the means fortensioning the hammer spring, and I have, therefore, illustrated in the drawings herein, only so much of the mechanism as directly relates to these parts, it being understood that the mechanism not specifically illustrated may be of any wellknown and approved form of construction.

In the accompanying drawings the numeral 7 denotes the handle, 8 the trigger guard, 9 the trigger, and 10 the receiver of my improved pistol, all of which may be of any approved form of construction.

It is a well known fact that when a firearm, and more especially one that is held in port, is subject to reaction, such that the Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 15, 1919.

hand or support is thrown upward to a declded degree and with considerable force.

This reaction causes an upward movement of the hand to take place after the bullet has passed out at ,the front end of the muzzle, and it is the purpose of my present invention to utilize this force to unlock the mechanism for opening the breech-bolt, thus insuring that this mechanism shall not be unlocked until the bullet has been forced out at the muzzle. I

In the structure illustrated herein and embodying this idea the barrel 11 is pivotally attached to the receiver as at 12, .and a spring 13, located forward of the pivot 12,

tends to hold the rear end of the barrel at the lowermost limit of its play. It will be noted that this construction causes the rear end of the barrel to swing upward, that is, in a direction away from the trigger, from its normal position to unlock the case. This rear end is provided with stops 14 that are projections formed to engage shoulders 15 on lips 16 projecting from the side parts of the'case and breech bolt 17 to hold the latter against backward movement. It will be understood that the case is suitably connected with spring actuated mechanism for holding it in its closed or forward position and for moving it to this position when other forces which have moved it backwardly have been expended or neutralized, anyof the well known mechanisms for accomplishing this result being suitable for the'purpose.

The case 17 is so constructed as to embody the, breech bolt, and as it is moved cocked position, and in order to reduce the resistance to this backward movement of the case and breech bolt to a minimum degree so that as little force as possible of the exploded gases will Joe required to effect its opening movement, I have provided means for neutralizing the force of the hammer sprin during such opening movement, as it will be apparent that when the bullet hasleft the barrel the forces of the exploded gases that may be-utilized for opening the breech will have been reduced to a material degree. In the mechanism illustrated herein and embodying this invention a hammer supporting pin 19 is located in the receiver 10 and passes through the hammer, projecting on opposite sides thereof and forming the pivotal support therefor. The hammer is preferably recessed on one side as at and a helical spring 21 is located in this recess, one end 22 of the spring being engaged in an opening in the hammer and the opposite end 23 being located in a' slot 24 in thepin. This spring 21 acts to throw the hammer forward to explode a cartridge,

and a tensioning'lever 25 is secured to the lever 25. This lever has a slot that receives a pin 27 removably engaging an openi ing 28 in the case 17 The pin 27 is secured 'will disengage these parts permittm case and breech bolt 17 to be forced to the lever 25 in any suitable mamier to permit movement of the pin along the slot as the lever is swung on its pivot and the sprin action of the lever may besuflicient to ena le the pin to be disengaged from the opening 28 and engaged within an openin 29 in the handle 7. It will be understood that other means for removably securing the lever to the frame or handle ma be employed, and the invention is not limited to any specific means for accomplishing this result. The tension upon the hammer spring may be such that when the lever 25 is swung to its lowermost position, with the pin 27 engaging the opening 29, there will be no force exerted-upon the hammer, even should the latter be moved to its cocked position, and this arrangement thus provides a safety device by removing the tension of thehammer spring so that it cannot operate the hammer. l

In the operation of the device the reacting force of the exploding gases will so act upon the hand of the person firing the pistol that the stop 14: will be disengaged from the catch formed by the shoulder 15 and lip 16, and the barrel 11 will be so' pivotally mounted that this reacting force the ackward, and the spring 13 will be arrangedto act in opposition to this disengagingforce. Upon the release of the case'17 the force of the exploding gases will throw the case and breech bolt backward, forcing the hammer 18 to its cocked position and swinging the lever 25 on its pivot. This swinging movement of the lever 25-will rotate the pin 19 and this maintains the tension of the spring 21, which tension is therefore not increased as the hammer is moved backward, and there is therefore no increased resistance imposed to the backward movement of the case and breech bolt caused by the hammer spring. When the shell has been ejected, the case and breech bolt 17 is moved forward to its closed position carrying with it the lever. 25 and placing suflicient tension upon embodiment in a mechanism constructed as herein shown. v

I claim- 1. A firearm including a support, a barrel pivotally mounted upon the support, a case movably mounted on the support, means to hold the case against backward movement, the pivot ofthe barrel and said holding means being relatively arranged to cause disengaging movement by reason of the inherent forces incident to the explosion within the barrel, and means for retaining sald holding means in engagement.

2. A firearm including a support, 'a ba1relil v pivotally mounted upon the support to freely swing under the forces caused by an exploding cartridge in the barrel, a case slidably mounted on the support, an interengaging' catch upon the barrel and case,,said catch being arranged for disehgaging movement upon pivotal movement of the barrel, and means for holding the catch in engagement.

3. A firearm including a support, a barrel pivotally mounted on the support, a case slidably mounted on' the support, a catch upon the case and barrel arranged to be disengaged upon swinging movement of the barrel, said catch being located back of the pivot, and a spring located forward of the pivot to hold the catch in engagement.

4:. A firearm including a support, a barrel pivotally mounted on the support, a case slidably mounted on the support, a catch to hold the case against backward movement, said catch being arrangedfor disengaging movement when the barrel moves upon its pivot, a hammer, means for throwing the hammer forward, and a device connected with said throwing means and with the case to neutralize the force of thefo-rmer as the. case is swung backward.

5. In a firearm, a support, a barrel pivotally mounted onthe support, a case slidably mounted upon the support, a catch to hold the case against backward movement, said catch being arranged for disengaging action when the barrel swings upon its pivot, a hammer,a spring for throwing the hammerforward, and a device connected with said spring and with the case to neutralize the force of the spring as the case is moved backward.

6. A firearm including a support, a pivotally mounted barrel on the support, a case slidably mounted on the support, a catch to hold the case against backward movement,

.said catch being arranged for disengaging action by reason of swinging movement of the barrel, a hammer, a spring for throwing the hammer forward, and a tensioning lever connected with the spring and with the 7 In a firearm, in combination with a hammer, a helical spring located at the side of the hammer with one end engaging the side of the hammer, a tensioning lever connected with the spring, a sliding case, and a connection between the sliding case and tensioning lever. 7

8. In a firearm, in combination with a hammer, a helical spring having one end engaging the hammer, a tensioning lever engaged with said spring, and means for'holding the tensioning lever in a position to release tension of the spring.

9. In a firearm, in combination with a hammer, a helical spring located at the'side of the hammer and having one end engaged with the hammer, a tensioning lever pivotally mounted on the frame of the firearm and engaged by the opposite end of said spring, a hammer supporting pin extending through the hammer and having an angular shaped end engaging a similarlyformed recess in the lever, the latter having a slot, a sliding case, and a pin upon the sliding case engaging the slot in said lever.

10. A firearm including a support, a barrel pivotally mounted on the support to freely swing upward for unlocking action under the forces caused by an exploding cartridge in the barrel, a case slidably 11. A firearm comprising a supporting frame, a firing case mounted'on the support ing frame longitudinally slidable thereon and provided with a locking abutment transverse to its sliding action, a barrel mounted on the support movable transversel ]of the case and provided with a looking a utment engageable by such transverse action with the locking abutment of the case to lock the pants in firing engagement, a hammer mounted on the frame movable in the plane of and byengagement with the case, and an operating spring for actuating the hammer acting between the hammer and the case and compressible by the separating movement of the parts.

12. A firearm including a support, a barrel movably mounted on the support to freely .swing upward for unlocking action under the forces caused by an exploding cartridge in the barrel, a member movably mounted on the support,.means for retaining said member against movement, and including means connected with the barrel and operated by its upward swinging movement on the support to release said retaining means. I

I, CHARLES J. J OLIDON.

Witnesses:

ARTHURB. JENKINS, A. E. OBRIEN, 

